什麼是IEP
所謂IEP就是(individual educational program)
個別化教育計劃。
老師在擬定教育計劃前,

轉銜脈絡思考　促成亞斯柏格生正向學習
身心障礙學生個別化的教育方案，或個別化的轉銜計畫，
都與學生日後的發展和生活息息相關，
因此在規畫時，教師除了要著眼於學生個人的能力、特質外，

• 作者：約翰．詹姆斯羅素．傅里曼，藍登‧馬琇思
• 譯者：李宛蓉
• 出版社：大是
• 出版日：2012/9/26

傷心都是百分百，沒有減半的憂傷

「我因為沒有鞋穿而哭泣，

後來遇見沒有腳的人，才明白自己有多幸運。」

這句格言教導孩子要懂得感恩與珍惜。

令人遺憾的是，當我們遭受傷痛時，往往誤了這句話，

身為家長的你是否常常對於管教孩子的方式感到頭疼呢？
兒童發展專家王宏哲告訴你，
管教孩子的時候，把握很重要的一個原則：

The sibling effect

手足的影響

Another issue that may exaggerate the problems caused for the child is whether there are siblings. Sarah, the client I introduced at the beginning of this article, was an only child. This can be the most problematic upbringing for a child with an AS parent as it precludes having a sibling to play with, confide in and, most importantly, bond with. A young man who had a father on the Autistic spectrum told me he remembered that every Christmas and birthday his parents would buy him lots of toys and games; the trouble was that his parents would not allow anyone to come and play with him. This young man was struggling with being able to share and interact with other people and this was causing him difficulty in forming a relationship. Potentially he could also present some AS ways but, without doubt, this would be severely influenced by the lack of encouragement to interact that he experienced as a child.

另一個可能讓問題更嚴重的因素，是孩子是否有手足。莎拉，前面我在這章節開始時提過的個案，是獨生女。最棘手的問題可能是，父母是亞斯伯格、但沒有手足的孩子，就沒有人可以一起玩或相互傾訴，更重要的是，沒有人可以陪他建立親密關係。一個有自閉症父親的年輕人告訴我說，他記得每個聖誕節還有生日，他的父母都會為他買一堆玩具或遊戲；但問題是，他的父母拒絕任何人到他家陪他一起玩。這個年輕人疲於應付與他人分享或互動，這導致他在建立關係上有很大的困擾。他可能會在有些時候顯露出一些亞斯柏格的行為，但無庸置疑的，這個嚴重影響，是由於他在孩提時代、父母缺少鼓勵他去與旁人互動導致的。

Adolescence is often the hardest time for children growing up with AS parents as this is when they may begin to challenge parental control, opinions and demands. The AS parent will struggle to understanding their adolescent children and the developmental stage they are in and may see their behaviour as unacceptable. The parent may attempt to control their teenage child by undermining them or by making it difficult for them to have friends around, not because they wish to stop their child having friends but because they will not understand the importance of friendships as they themselves may have no need of friends. Some adolescents have given examples of their AS parent being very rude to their friends. One girl described how her father told her over weight friend that she looked like a Sumo wrestler. Her father had simply spoken his thoughts but the result was that her friend never returned.

青春期是這些孩子成長過程中最辛苦的時期，對父母而言也是，這個時期他們可能開始挑戰父母的控制、意見和要求。亞斯伯格父母對於了解十幾歲青春期孩子的感到無法招架，處於孩子成長階段的他們會認為孩子的行為難以接受。父母會嘗試藉由「破壞他們」或「讓孩子很難交朋友」來控制他們的青春期孩子，不是因為他們希望阻擋孩子有朋友，而是因為他們不了解朋友有多重要，就如同他們自己不需要朋友。一些青春期的孩子，會碰到亞斯伯格父母對他們的朋友非常粗魯的狀況。有個女孩描述，她的父親如何告訴她過重的朋友她看起來像個相撲選手。她的父親只是單純的說出他的想法，但結果是，她失去了這個朋友。

The effect on the child

對孩子的影響

What are the issues that are likely to arise in a family when one or, in some cases, both parents have AS? What affect can this have on the child and what is the most valuable support and help that can be offered within the counselling environment?

當家庭有一個家長（或在一些案例中，兩個家長）罹患亞斯伯格，在養育孩子的時候，可能會發生什麼問題？這件事情會對孩子造成什麼影響？在諮商時能提供的最有價值支援以及幫助是什麼？

Some of the main issues that arise are the parents’ difficulty understanding their child’s individual way of thinking and realising that the child’s thoughts and perceptions are different to their own. For example, when I saw Nicky she had just begun university and was finding it a real struggle to cope alone with the demands of living away from home. Nicky described how her father insisted that the whole family had to fit in with his inflexible routines; her upbringing was very controlled and completely dominated by her father. Time and routine seemed to be the centre of their lives - they had to get up at the same time, eat the same food on the same day at the same time, bathe at the same time and only watch the TV programmes he watched. He was very and religion also became a strict and inflexible routine in their lives. There was little time for fun and laughter in the household and, if the routines were broken, Nicky’s father would become reactive and highly anxious. They could not have friends round because they would interrupt his routine and he would stare at them, making them feel uncomfortable. He would say impolite things to her friends - one day he gave her friends a lift and he referred to them as ‘excess baggage’.

出現一些主要問題，是家長對於「了解孩子自己的思考方式，與家長他們的不同」這件事情是有困難的。舉例來說，當我看到Nicky她才剛剛開始上大學時，她發現不住在家裡頭要獨自處理的事情很多、非常地辛苦。Nicky描述，她的父親是如何堅持全家人必須遵照他缺乏彈性的規矩辦事。她的教養方式是非常受到控制且完全被父親所主導。時間與程序是他們生活的中心 -- 他們必須在同樣的時間起床，每天在同樣的時間吃同樣的食物，在同樣的時間洗澡且只能看父親看的電視節目。他很虔誠，宗教也變成生活中一個嚴格而缺乏彈性的程序。在她的童年中，很少有快樂與大笑的機會，此外，如果程序被破壞了，Nicky的父親會變得敏感及非常焦慮。他們沒有辦法跟周遭的人交朋友，因為這樣會打亂了他父親的程序，他會盯著他們，讓他們覺得不舒服。他會對她的朋友說一些不客氣的事情 -- 有天他順道載她的朋友一程，並說他們是「累贅」(按，這是雙關語，原意是過重行李)。

文章首次發表於輔導兒童和青少年（CCYP）2005年夏季
輔導兒童和青少年（CCYP）是與兒童和青少年工作的專業心理諮商和治療的專業季刊。

http://www.maxineaston.co.uk/published/Asperger_Family.pdf

翻譯:帆爸、嫺霓

Growing up in an Asperger family                         by Maxine Aston
在亞斯柏格家庭長大的孩子                                 作者: 瑪克辛阿斯頓

潘玉芳參加了美國選擇學院的“站起來，孩子”計劃，

看到創辦人巴里考夫曼的嚴重自閉兒子“康復”，

所以她懷抱希望自己的自閉兒也可以“康復”。

14年後，我再聯絡潘玉芳，譚穎成已經24歲，

近親亞斯伯格症
自閉兒智商分為3等

普遍上我們只泛稱自閉症，